Roundtable: Geopolitics of artificial general intelligence (AGI)

Event Summary

On 30 September, the Centre for Future Generations (CFG) convened a roundtable discussion at the Ambiorix Center in Brussels to explore the geopolitics of artificial general intelligence (AGI). The event brought together senior voices from public institutions, research organizations, and industry for an open discussion held under the Chatham House rule.

The conversation underscored how advances in AGI are increasingly moving from the realm of speculation to a pressing geopolitical reality. Participants agreed that the choices made in the next two to three years will be instrumental for Europe’s long-term position in the global landscape of artificial intelligence. While AGI promises to reshape productivity, scientific research, and innovation, its arrival also raises profound strategic questions for Europe’s competitiveness, sovereignty, and values.

A central theme was the strategic infrastructure required to support AGI development. Europe faces a widening compute gap compared to other regions, which could become a critical bottleneck for both research and deployment. Participants stressed that investment in high-performance computing and robust data infrastructure will be essential for Europe to remain competitive.

Another key issue was talent and human capital. Europe has world-class researchers and a strong academic tradition, but participants noted that retaining and attracting top talent remains a challenge. Competitive ecosystems that provide not only research opportunities but also career growth and adequate compensation are necessary if Europe is to build and sustain leadership in the field.

The discussion also highlighted governance and values. Europe has a distinctive approach to regulation and data privacy, but participants questioned whether regulatory frameworks alone will be sufficient in an era where speed and experimentation matter. A balance will be needed between regulation and market-driven innovation to preserve Europe’s values while allowing for rapid progress.

Geopolitical dynamics were another important theme. AGI is increasingly seen not just through an economic lens but also in terms of security and strategic autonomy. As both the United States and China accelerate investments in AI with strong links to defense and national security, Europe must decide how to position itself. Participants noted that no single European country or company can compete at the frontier alone, making collaboration across borders and sectors essential.

The conversation further emphasized the societal dimension of AGI. Cultural acceptance, the future of work, and the human impact of advanced automation were all identified as areas where proactive policy will be needed. Questions were raised about how taxation, education, and job creation will need to adapt to the realities of AGI-driven economies.

Despite uncertainties about the trajectory of AGI, there was strong agreement that Europe must act decisively. Delaying action risks reinforcing a narrative of lagging behind, while early and coordinated investment in infrastructure, talent, and collaboration could enable Europe to shape the future of AI in line with its values.

The roundtable concluded with the shared understanding that Europe’s choices today will determine its role in the geopolitics of AGI tomorrow.